Fig. 4: Protection after spirulina PfCSP vaccination.

a Female BALB/cJ mice were intranasally primed and then orally boosted as in Fig. 2 and then challenged subcutaneously with PfCSP Py spz 14 days after the final vaccination n = 5 mice/group; representative of two replicate experiments. Survival curve shows endpoint of protection based on blood smear positivity. p = 0.01 (IN CSP extract priming and 2–3 doses of oral CSP vs. IN CSP extract priming and one dose of oral CSP), p = 0.07 (IN CSP extract priming and 2–3 doses oral CSP vs. oral control or oral CSP only), p = 0.37 (IN CSP unpurified priming and 3 doses of oral CSP vs. oral control or oral CSP only) (log-rank Mantel-Cox test). b Survival curve as in panel a for male C57Bl/6J mice. Vaccination regimens are shown in the text adjacent to each line. All vaccines shown contained Montanide except where indicated NO ADJV. p = 0.002 (adjuvanted vaccine vs. oral CSP only), p = 0.01 (no adjuvant vaccine vs. oral CSP only), p = 0.01 vaccines with vs. without adjuvant (log-rank Mantel-Cox test).