Table 1 Recombinant MeV-derived vaccines targeting diseases transmitted via the respiratory pathway.

From: Versatility of live-attenuated measles viruses as platform technology for recombinant vaccines

Target

Antigen

ATUa

Strainb

IFNAR−/−c

CD46-miced

Cotton rats

Syr. Hamsterse

Rhesus mac.

Cynomolgus

AGMf

HI Absg

ELISAh

nAbsi

ELISpotj

ICSk

CTLsl

Challengem

Clinical trial

Refs.

IAV

HA

P

Edm-Zagreb

               

39

HA

P

AIK-C

  

X

    

X

     

X

 

52

HA (H5)

N

Edm-B, HLatt

     

X

  

X

    

X

 

49

LASV

NP + GPC

Z + GPC

P

pre-N + P

Schwarz

     

X

  

X

Xn

 

X

 

X

I

46,47

MERS-CoV

S

P, H

Moraten

 

X

      

X

X

X

 

X

X

 

33

S; N

H; P

Moraten

 

X

       

X

X

X

   

42

MuV

HN, F

P

Edm-B

               

50

HN

P

Edm-Zagreb

               

39

NiV

G

N

Edm-B, wtHL

   

X

  

X

 

X

    

X

 

48

RSV

F

pre-N, P

Edm-Zagreb

  

X

 

X

   

X

X

X

  

X

 

39,41

G, F

P

AIK-C

  

X

  

X

   

X

   

X

 

51,53

G, F

Chimerao

AIK-C

  

X

      

X

   

X

 

40

F, M2-1, NP

P

AIK-C

  

X

     

X

X

   

X

 

44,45

SARS-CoV

S, N

P

Edm-Zagreb

 

X

      

X

X

X

    

43

S

P

Schwarz

 

X

      

X

X

   

X

 

31

SARS-CoV-2

S

H

Moraten

 

X

 

X

    

X

X

X

X

X

X

I/ II

38

S

P

Schwarz

X

X

X

X

    

X

X

X

X

 

X

32

S

P

Schwarz

X

  

X

    

X

X

X

X

 

X

34

S

Pp

Schwarz

        

X

X

 

negq

  

35,36

  1. Listed are all MeV-derived experimental vaccines that target diseases transmitted by the respiratory pathway. Described are the vaccine properties; depicted by “X” are the animal model(s) those have been tested in, positive immune responses detected in those models directed against the additional antigen(s), and efficacy in animal challenge models or clinical trials. Negative results of performed tests are labeled with neg. aGenomic position of the additional transcription unit (ATU); pre-N indicates first position in the genome, N, P, H, or L indicate position of the ATU directly following N, P, H, or L gene cassettes, respectively. bVaccine strain, the backbone of respective recombinant MeV has been derived from. c–fPreclinical or clinical model organism to analyze induction of immunity; c IFNAR-/-: mice with defect in innate Type I IFN responsiveness; d CD46-mice: Mice transgenic for MeV vaccine strain receptor CD46 and defect in innate Type I IFN responsiveness; eSyr. hamsters: Syrian hamsters; fAGM: African green monkeys. glAntigen-specific immune responses triggered after immunization, which has been determined by measuring ghemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (HI Abs), htotal binding antibodies (ELISA), ineutralizing antibodies (nAbs), or reactive T cells determined by jELISpot or kintracellular cytokine staining (ICS), as well as lcell-mediated immunity via cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). mProtective capacity of vaccine-induced immune responses after challenge of the appropriate animal model determined by reduction of pathogen load or attenuation of etiopathology. oVaccine virus with RSV F + G ectodomains fused to TM regions of MeV F + H in place of MeV F + H, respectively. nnAbs against LASV after vaccination only in 1 out of 4 vaccinated animals, but enhanced nAb titers in all vaccinated animals after infection. pATU is not explicitly indicated, but referenced to viruses with SARS-CoV antigens in post-P position. qIn human vaccinees.