Table 2 Recombinant MeV vaccines targeting arthropod-borne diseases.

From: Versatility of live-attenuated measles viruses as platform technology for recombinant vaccines

Target

Antigen

ATUa

Strainb

CD46-micec

BL/6-hCD46d

AG-hCD46e

Cotton rats

SMf

Cynomolgus

ELISAg

nAbsh

ELISpoti

ICSj

Challengek

Clinical trial

Reference

CHIKV

C-E3-E2-6K-E1

P

Schwarz

X

    

X

X

X

X

 

X

II

57,64,91,93,97,98

DENV

EDIII, EDIII-ectoM, Tetra-EDIII-ectoM

P

Schwarz

X

     

X

X

 

Xl

  

66,99

Tandem-EDIII

P

Moraten

 

X

X

   

X

X

X

   

65,100

EDIII-HBsAg

N, P

Moraten

X

      

X

    

85

JEV

prM-E

P

AIK-C

   

X

  

X

X

    

62

Plasmodium falciparum; P. berghei m (malaria)

CS (Pb or Pf)

P

Schwarz

X

     

X

 

X

X

X

 

59

WNV

E

P

Schwarz

X

   

X

 

X

X

  

X

 

63,101

ZIKV

E

P

Schwarz

X

     

X

X

X

 

X

I

67

prME,

NS1,prME-NS1

pre-N, N

N

N, H

Edm-B

X

     

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

 

102

  1. Listed are all MeV-derived experimental vaccines that target arthropod-borne diseases. Described are the vaccine properties; depicted by “X” are the animal model(s) those have been tested in, positive immune responses detected in those models directed against the additional antigen(s), and efficacy in animal challenge models or clinical trials. aGenomic position of the additional transcription unit (ATU); N, P, H, or L indicate position of the ATU directly following N, P, H, or L gene cassettes, respectively. bVirus strain, the backbone of respective recombinant MeV has been derived from c–f preclinical or clinical model organism to analyze induction of immunity; cCD46-mice: Mice transgenic for MeV vaccine strain receptor CD46 and defect in innate Type I IFN responsiveness; dBL/6-hCD46, C57/BL6 mice transgenic for huCD46; eAG-hCD46, A129 mice transgenic for huCD46; fSM: squirrel monkeys. g–j Antigen-specific immune responses triggered after immunization, which has been determined by measuring gtotal binding antibodies (ELISA), hneutralizing antibodies (nAbs), or reactive T cells determined by iELISpot or jintracellular cytokine staining (ICS). kProtective capacity of vaccine-induced immune responses after challenge of the appropriate animal model determined by reduction of pathogen load or attenuation of etiopathology. mPlasmodium berghei used to model malaria in mice. lSecretion of cytokines by stimulated primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.