Fig. 3: PfCSP-specific antibody titers determined by ELISA.

mRNA-LNP immunization and blood collection schedules are shown in Fig. 1a. Sera from bleeds at indicated time points [B1 in (a), B2 in (b), B3 in (c), and B4 in (d)] were analyzed using ELISA to determine antigen-specific antibody titers reported as the geometric mean endpoint titers with 95% confidence intervals. Endpoint titers were identified as the highest reciprocal serum dilution with an OD higher than a cutoff of the average OD plus three standard deviations of pre-immune sera replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05).