Fig. 6: Transcriptomic profile of LAIV8-IIV5/AS03 vaccination group (G1) on day 92 (7 days after the booster dose).

A Heatmap of longitudinal DEG changes at day 92 (day 7 after boost) and day 113 (day 29 after the boost) of subjects in G1 compared to day 1 before priming with LAIV87 and after priming on day 85. Average log₂ fold change from baseline and on day 85 are shown and statistical differences are highlighted in yellow on the left (Bayes adjusted p value ≤ 0.05, corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method). B Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on day 7 after boost. Diagram shows top 10 enriched biological processes ranked by their significance, and dot size indicates overlap on number of genes. The GO enrichment was performed with a ranked query and multiple testing analytical correction, FDR ≤ 0.05 or −log₁₀FDR ≥ 0.3. C Volcano plots of upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) genes. Differences >1.5-fold are highlighted (vertical dotted lines). The names of the top 10 genes are shown. D Fold change enrichment for cell-type specific gene sets in G1 at day 7 after boost with IIV5/AS03. Bar indicates fold change enrichment (up) or depletion (down) for each cell type after deconvolution. Asterisk indicates FDR < 0.05 (Fisher’s exact test). E, F shows relative proportion of enriched isotypes and subclass transcripts corresponding to VJ recombination is shown for the constant (E) and the variable (F) heavy, kappa and lambda chains (IGH, IGK, and IGL). G Dotplots of expression of the top 10 upregulated genes in G1 from day 85 to 92 according to fold induction of anti-stalk antibodies in serum (empty dot > GMR, filled dot ≤ GMR). GMR Geometric mean rise.