Fig. 2: Nanoparticle delivery system.
From: Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines
a Nanoparticle vaccine delivery systems can protect antigens from enzymatic degradation. b Depending on the size of the nanoparticles, they can be passively delivered to lymph nodes and enhance antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to take up and present antigens. d Hence, germinal center (GC) formation is enhanced. c, e–h Nanoparticle vaccine delivery systems can induce cellular and humoral immune responses simultaneously with minimum side effects. i Besides, nanoparticle vaccine delivery systems can improve the levels of antigen-specific memory T cells and B cells. The figure was made from Biorender.com.
