Fig. 2: Cellular immunogenicity of ChAdOx1-NP + M1-RSVF.

a Cytokine responses in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ splenocytes that were separately stimulated with influenza A (H1N1) NP + M1- and RSVF-spanning peptides; % cytokine⁺ T cells were determined through intracellular staining. Basal frequencies of cytokine⁺ T cells (unstimulated sample) were subtracted from stimulated sample frequencies. Median responses in each group are displayed as the top lines of bars on graphs on the left-hand side of the figure, with symbols representing individual mice, grey-shaded bars prime-boost regimens and white bars prime-only regimens. b Cytokine responses in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lung cells harvested from mice, separately stimulated with influenza A (H1N1) NP + M1- and RSVF-spanning peptides. c Vaccination schematic for the continued assessment of the cellular immunogenicity of ChAdOx1-NP + M1-RSVF. d IFNγ responses in splenocytes stimulated with NP + M1- and RSVF-spanning peptides (IFNγ spot-forming cells (SFCs)/million splenocytes), as measured by IFNγ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay. e Total counts of CD8⁺ T_RM cells (left), as well as relative counts of CD8⁺ T_EM and T_RM cells (right) in lungs post-vaccination (all non-antigen-specific). T_RM cells were defined as CD8⁺CD44⁺CD62L^-CD103⁺CD69⁺, and negative for intravenous (IV) circulatory CD3⁺ T cell stain. T_EM cells were defined as CD8⁺CD44⁺CD62L^-CD127⁺, and negative for IV circulatory CD3⁺ T cell stain. Group differences of data in (a), (b), (d) and (e) were analysed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests (*=p < 0.05, **=p < 0.01, ***=p < 0.001). For all boxplots, whisker endings represent upper and lower extremes, the box bounds represent upper and lower quartiles, respectively, and the central line represents the group median.