Fig. 3: Female R. decoloratus and R. appendiculatus ticks collected from vaccinated and control cattle in Mbarara 2.

Data collected from 32 dpv to 182 dpv were compared for each tick species between vaccinated and control groups by One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test (p > 0.05; n = 3–11 animals per group). The number of female ticks per animal at one and six months after vaccination was compared between vaccinated and control groups by Student’s t-test with unequal variance (*p < 0.05; n = 3–6 animals per group). Error bars represent standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.