Fig. 3: CVP exhibits strong adjuvanticity. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 3: CVP exhibits strong adjuvanticity.

From: Calboxyvinyl polymer adjuvant enhances respiratory IgA responses through mucosal and systemic administration

Fig. 3

Mice were intranasally administered each CVP, and lungs were harvested 16 h later. Biomarker gene expression levels were measured by the QuantiGene Plex assay (QGP) method (A and C). Mice were intranasally administered saline (SA), split influenza vaccine (SV) alone, or SV with each CVP or existing adjuvants in a single dose. At 3 weeks post-administration, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were collected, and vaccine antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibody levels were measured by ELISA (B, D, and E). Each dot represents an individual animal. Bar graphs indicate mean values and error bars represent the SEM (n = 5) of data from two independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test following the Kruskal–Wallis test (compared with the far left column).

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