Fig. 3: The multifunctional CD4 T-cell responses in PBMCs after vaccination. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 3: The multifunctional CD4 T-cell responses in PBMCs after vaccination.

From: Cellular immune signatures and differences of four porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines to heterologous PCV2d infection

Fig. 3

Intracellular cytokine staining of PBMCs isolated from 14 and 28 dpv was performed following restimulation with PCV2-ORF2 antigen, with cRPMI-incubated cultures as blank controls. Representative dot plots for IFNγ/TNFα double-positive and IFNγ/TNFα/IL-2 triple-positive CD4 T cells in PBMCs from different groups at 14 dpv (a) and 28 dpv (c). Comparison of single-, double-, or triple-positive cytokine responses in CD4 T cells at 14 dpv (b), and 28 dpv (d) among different groups. Each colored symbol represents background-subtracted data from one pig, with horizontal lines indicating mean ± standard deviation (SD). The limit of detection (LOD) is shown with dashed black lines. Responders on the top depict the number of positives within different groups. Statistical significance was analyzed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction when appropriate; ns non-significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

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