Correction to: npj Vaccines https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01106-z, published online 22 March 2025

In this article, the affiliation details for author Jinpan Hu and Weijin Huang were incorrectly given as Jinpan Hu1,7 and Weijin Huang3 but should have been Jinpan Hu1,2,7 and Weijin Huang1,2, other affiliations are renumbered. In addition, this article contained an error in Figure 5. The original article has been corrected.