Fig. 1: Schematic representation of study designs for.

a VAED model development: establishing vaccination conditions that result in VAED and b VAED kinetics: studying the kinetics of VAED during infection. Timelines for both studies are shown, with the respective handlings and measurements. Numbers in black: acclimatization days; numbers in green: days of vaccination; numbers in brown/red—days post challenge infection. Illustrations were created with biorender.com.