Table 2 Association between demographic and clinical variables with humoral response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in SOT recipients

From: Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients

General Variables

Detectable for d2 (n = 35 | 39.8%)*

Detectable for d3 (n = 39 | 49.4%)**

Positive for d3 (n = 19 | 24.0%)***

n (% within variable group)

OR (95% C.I.)

n (% within variable group)

OR (95% C.I.)

n (% within variable group)

Vs Non positive OR (95% C.I.)

Vs Detectable OR (95% C.I.)

Sex (male)

19 (36.5)

1.18 (0.39–3.74)

25 (50.0)

1.22 (0.39–3.89)

13 (26.0)

1.55 (0.32–8.62)

5.26 (0.54–123.59)

Age

       

 <50 years

8 (34.8)

1

13 (68.4)

1

7 (36.8)

1

1

 50-70 years

22 (40.7)

0.66(0.15–2.64)

21 (40.4)

0.12 (0.02–0.48)

9 (17.3)

0.03 (0.00–0.22)

‍0.08 (0.00–0.79)

 >70 years

5 (45.5)

2.54 (0.29–27.57)

5 (62.5)

0.61 (0.05–15.70)

3 (37.5)

0.67 (0.02–50.05)

---

BMI

       

 Standard

15 (34.1)

1

21 (51.2)

1

9 (22.0)

1

1

 Overweight

20 (45.5)

1.80(0.62–5.47)

18 (47.4)

0.77 (0.25–2.29)

10 (26.3)

0.92 (0.21–3.93)

0.73 (0.08–6.14)

Ethnicity

      

 European

29 (39.2)

1

32 (47.8)

1

13 (19.4)

1

1

 African

6 (50.0)

1.34 (0.27–6.93)

6 (54.5)

1.49 (0.24-10.23)

5 (45.5)

0.51 (0.04-4.63)

0.76 (0.01-31.25)

 Other

0 (0.0)

---

1 (100.0)

---

1 (100.0)

---

---

Transplant type

       

 Kidney

24 (42.1)

1

25 (50.0)

1

16 (32.0)

1

1

 Lung

11 (35.5)

0.71 (0.17–3.01)

14 (48.3)

0.73 (0.22–2.27)

3 (10.3)

0.10 (0.02–0.44)

0.20 (0.04–0.84)

Time after transplant

       

 >10 years

17 (47.2)

1

19 (61.3)

1

11 (35.5)

1

1

 3-10 years

13 (41.9)

1.01 (0.28–3.75)

16 (55.2

0.96 (0.28–3.29)

6 (20.7)

0.82 (0.15–4.86)

0.21 (0.01–2.86)

 <3 years

5 (23.8)

0.34 (0.07–1.47)

4 (21.1)

0.17 (0.03–0.70)

2 (10.5)

0.13 (0.01–1.11)

0.18 (0.00–8.15)

Transplant rank

      

 One

34 (42.0)

1

37 (50.0)

1

18 (24.3)

1

1

 Two or more

1 (14.3)

0.34 (0.02–3.19)

2 (40.0)

0.86 (0.07–15.30)

1 (20.0)

1.70 (0.04–79.43)

---

Comorbidities

 

Diabetes

16 (47.1)

1.50 (0.52–0.42)

18 (54.5)

2.08 (0.69–6.72)

11 (33.3)

1.86 (0.44–8.15)

2.38 (0.27–29.06)

HTA

27 (39.7)

0.53 (0.14–1.98)

29 (48.3)

0.92 (0.23–3.54)

14 (23.3)

0.50 (0.09–2.77)

0.68 (0.05–8.14)‍

CVD

6 (33.3)

0.54 (0.11–2.33)

5 (29.4)

0.64 (0.13–2.93)

4 (23.5)

0.58 (0.07–3.81)

2.98 (0.08–168.22)‍

eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2

1 (10.0)

0.03 (0.00–0.33)

2 (28.6)

0.13 (0.00–1.58)

0 (0.0)

---

---

Cancer

8 (50.0)

0.80 (0.17–3.64)

6 (50.0)

0.49 (0.09–2.47)

4 (33.3)

1.02 (0.12–8.37)

4.00 (0.35–62.99)‍

Treatment****

 

CS

31 (41.3)

0.98 (0.20–5.11)

34 (50.0)

0.59 (0.08–4.01)

15 (22.1)

0.11 (0.00–1.47)

2.45 (0.04–209.35)

AZA

13 (68.4)

2.31 (0.48–13.35)

13 (72.2)

1.86 (0.36–10.06)

6 (33.3)

0.45 (0.06–2.90)

1.61 (0.11–43.28)

MMF

10 (22.2)

0.12 (0.03–0.39)

16 (40.0)

0.18 (0.05–0.57)

7 (17.5)

0.12 (0.01–0.55)

‍0.23 (0.01–3.13)

FK506

28 (40.6)

1.85 (0.44–8.86)

32 (52.5)

1.90 (0.52–7.41)

15 (24.6)

0.96 (0.15–6.63)

0.38 (0.03–3.85)

CsA

3 (37.5)

0.62 (0.05–4.92)

3 (37.5)

0.30 (0.04–1.89)

1 (12.5)

0.08 (0.00–1.07)

2.05 (0.02–-210.28)

Evero

6 (46.2)

0.97 (0.20–4.73)

7 (50.0)

1.57 (0.36–7.24)

4 (28.6)

0.77 (0.11–4.84)

1.14 (0.08–17.97)

Induction

       

 ATG

17 (37.8)

1

20 (45.5)

1

7 (15.9)

1

1

 Anti-IL2R

13 (39.4)

1.39 (0.46–4.32)

14 (51.9)

1.13 (0.33–3.98)

10 (37.0)

1.42 (0.28–7.69)

4.39 (0.98–23.31)

 OKT3

2 (40.0)

0.99 (0.09–11.69)

2 (50.0)

0.86 (0.07–11.90)

0 (0.0)

---

---

Number of immunosuppressive treatments*****

      

 Two

14 (40.0)

1

12 (42.9)

1

9 (32.1)

1

1

 Three

21 (39.6)

1.24 (0.46–3.52)

27 (52.9)

1.16 (0.35–3.92)

10 (19.6)

0.21 (0.04–0.94)

‍0.17 (0.00–2.64)

  1. Association between demographic variables, comorbidities, and treatment with vaccine response in SOT recipients were explored by multivariate logistic regression.
  2. *Adjusted for sex, age, MMF, eGFR<30, and Induction treatment.
  3. **Adjusted for sex, age, MMF, time after transplant, and eGFR<30.
  4. ***Adjusted for sex, age, MMF, eGFR<30, transplant type, number of treatments, CsA, and time after transplant.
  5. ****not adjusted for the number of treatments.
  6. ***** not adjusted for any other treatment.
  7. OR odds ratio, HTA hypertension, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CS Corticosteroids, AZA Azathioprine, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, FK506 Tacrolimus, CsA Cyclosporin A, Evero Everolimus, ATG anti-thymocyte globulin, OKT3 anti-CD3.
  8. Detectable vaccine response was defined as >5 BAU/mL, and positive response as >264 BAU/mL.
  9. Statistically significant values are highlighted in bold.
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