Fig. 3: Mice that are immunized in early-life with HB-alum have a more Th2 skewed response to subsequent immunization with OVA-MPLA.

A Mice (n = 7–12) were immunized at DOL7 or 56 with HB-alum and received 2 i.m. immunizations with OVA-MPLA. B OVA-specific total IgG was measured in serum and (C) OVA-specific cytokine secretion was measured in splenocyte cultures. D Mice (n = 5–9) were immunized as shown in panel (A) with the OVA-MPLA vaccines administered in contralateral immunization sites. OVA-specific cytokine secretion was measured in splenocyte cultures. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM. Statistical differences were determined using the Mann–Whitney test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.