Table 1 Water Samples Positive for Waterborne Pathogens by ddPCR: number of samples positive and density ranges (gene copies per liter of drinking water) for gene targets in groundwater (G), distributed water originating from surface water (S), and distributed water originating from a mixture of groundwater and surface water (M) samples collected from the Jaipur municipal water supply and assayed by ddPCR.
Gene (microbe) | ddPCR evidence level | Ground #positive (n = 9) | Surface #positive (n = 8) | Mixed #positive (n = 4) | Ground (gc per L) | Surface (gc per L) | Mixed (gc per L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS2g1 (MS2) | Strongest | – | – | – | – | – | – |
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
1 | 1 | – | 29 | 27 | – | ||
Weakest | 1 | 3 | – | 11 | 12 | – | |
ybbW (E. coli) | Strongest | 8 | 6 | 3 | 5600 | 740 | 270 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | – | 1 | – | – | 7.0 | – | |
beta giardin (Giardia) | Strongest | 1 | – | – | 36 | – | – |
1 | 1 | – | 85 | 36 | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | – | 4 | – | – | 6.9 | – | |
18S rRNA (Crypto.) | Strongest | 1 | – | – | 20 | – | – |
1 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 6.8 | 17 | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | 1 | 1 | – | 6 | 66 | – | |
ORF1-2 (noro GI) | Strongest | – | – | – | – | – | – |
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | 2 | – | – | 8.9 | – | – | |
ORF1-2 (noro GII) | Strongest | – | – | – | – | – | – |
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | 4 | 2 | – | 13 | 10 | – | |
hexon (adeno) | Strongest | – | – | – | – | – | – |
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
STh (ETEC) | Strongest | 1 | – | – | 17 | – | – |
1 | 1 | 1 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 26 | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | 2 | 1 | – | 7.7 | 5.0 | – | |
ipaH (Shigella) | Strongest | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1 | – | – | 320 | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
– | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Weakest | – | 2 | – | – | 6.8 | – |
