Fig. 5: Conceptual illustration of nanotubes membrane bioreactor (NTs-MBR) technology.
From: A critical review on nanomaterials membrane bioreactor (NMs-MBR) for wastewater treatment

The successful preparation of nanotubes membrane ideally obtained through the use of polymer and carbon nanotubes mixed solution. In addition, carbon nanotubes could be functionalized and formed a casting solution with polymer, which was transferred to a glass plate by a sliding blade and generated a flat surface of the membrane. After that, the as-prepared membrane placed in the MBR module for treating wastewater.