Table 3 Applications of nanotubes membrane bioreactor (NTs-MBR) system.

Polyethersulfone (PES/MWCNTs

Membrane area = 12.56 cm²

Industrial wastewater

MBR

V = 0.2 L, MLSS = 1000 mg L⁻¹

FRR (89.7%)

⁵²

Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)/ sulphonated CNTs

Membrane area = 28.26 cm²

Protein solution

Cross-flow filtration MBR

Operating pressure = 0.2 MPa

FRR (83.52%)

⁵⁹

CNTs

Membrane area = 2.98 × 10^–3 m²

Industrial wastewater

COD = 500 mg L⁻¹

Anaerobic electro-assisted membrane bioreactor (AnEMBR)

V = 1 L, HRT = 32 h, T = 15–20 °C

Better antifouling ability

COD (95%)

⁶⁰

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/CNTs/

Membrane area = 5.44 × 10^–4 m²

Industrial wastewater

COD = 500 mg L⁻¹, NH₄⁺-N = 25 mg L⁻¹, DO = 2–4 mg L⁻¹

Electro-assisted membrane bioreactor

V = 1 L, HRT = 16 h, MLVSS, = 6000 mg L⁻¹, pH = 7–8, T = 15–20 °C

FR(92%)

COD (95%), NH₄⁺-N (80%)

¹²⁶

Polysulfone (PSf)/CNTs

Membrane area = 0.05 m²

Paper industry wastewater

COD = 1700 mg L⁻¹, pH = 4.6, conductivity = 1196 mS m⁻¹

Anaerobic MBR

V = 10 L, HRT = 12 h, SRT = 85 d, MLSS = 8000–14000 mg L⁻¹, flux = 6 L m² h⁻¹, pH = 6.6

T = 25 °C

High flux

COD (92%),

Methane yield = 0.18

l CH₄ g⁻¹ COD

¹²⁷

PSf/CNTs PEG

Membrane area = 42 cm²

Protein solution

Cross-flow filtration MBR

V = 200 mg L⁻¹, pH = 7

FRR (82%)

¹²⁸