Fig. 2: Surface hydrophobicity and morphological structures. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 2: Surface hydrophobicity and morphological structures.

From: Rheologically controlled design of nature-inspired superhydrophobic and self-cleaning membranes for clean water production

Fig. 2

a Water contact and sliding angles on different membranes. Error bars present standard deviations. b A picture of air-treated SANIPS membrane (SANIPS-A) with an area of 11.5 cm × 8 cm. The inserted image shows droplets of (i) 0.2 mM SDS and (ii) 2000 p.p.m. GO aqueous solution, (iii) Rose Bengal dyed water, and (iv) 1:9 ethanol/water mixture on the membrane top surface; scale bar: 1 cm. c Pictures of dropping Rose Bengal dyed water droplets on SANIPS-A and nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) from 0 to 1 s. Membranes were tilted at an angle of 10°; scale bar: 1 cm. d Self-cleaning test of NIPS and SANIPS-A by immersing the membranes in a Rose Bengal dye solution. Dye concentration in c and d is 1 wt%. e FESEM images of top surfaces of NIPS and SANIPS membranes; scale bar: 50 μm. Inserted FESEM images are enlarged pictures of membrane top surfaces; scale bar: 5 μm.

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