Fig. 10: Schematic illustration of inhibition mechanism of SiO2–NH2/PASP against CaSO4 and CaCO3 scales.
From: Nanosilica modified with polyaspartic acid as an industrial circulating water scale inhibitor

a The inside of the pipe without heating and adding SiO2–NH2/PASP, b the inside of the pipe after heating, c the inside of the pipe after adding SiO2–NH2/PASP, d the inside of the pipe after heating and adding SiO2–NH2/PASP.