Fig. 4: Energy consumption values (SEC) compared with two-stage RO process at the different recovery rates.
From: Forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process incorporated with hollow fiber FO
Panels a, b show the energy consumption values (SEC) compared with two-stage RO process at the different recovery rates. Panel c shows the total energy cost of the FO–RO–HFFO process compared with the RO process at 60 and 80% recovery rate.
