Table 1 Operating pressure and permeate quality of SWRO for different cases (the cases were selected based on the performance test results, with a total of eight cases: four in FO mode and four in PAO mode, using a two-stage RO as the control) and a total plant recovery rate of 60%.
From: Forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process incorporated with hollow fiber FO
SWRO | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Case 6 | Case 7 | Case 8 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R (%) | Two-stage RO | F1.5-D0.35 | F1.0-D0.35 | F1.5-D0.20 | F0.7-D0.20 | PAO (3 bar) F1.5-D0.35 | PAO (3 bar) F1.0-D0.35 | PAO (2 bar) F0.7-D0.35 | PAO (2 bar) F1.5-D0.35 | |
50 | P (bar) | 63.1 | 36.6 | 43.1 | 32.6 | 34.2 | 23.5 | 25.3 | 25.5 | 32.6 |
Perm. conc. (mg/L) | 257.0 | 134.2 | 165.6 | 114.5 | 122.2 | 67.9 | 77.2 | 78.4 | 114.5 | |
60 | P (bar) | 75.8 | 41.2 | 49.5 | 36.2 | 38.2 | 25.0 | 27.2 | 27.5 | 36.2 |
Perm. conc. (mg/L) | 312.4 | 160.7 | 199.3 | 136.6 | 146.0 | 79.6 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 136.6 |
