Table 1 The properties of membranes.

From: Halloysite nanotubes for regulating thermodynamics and kinetics of polysulfone/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) membranes with enhanced permeability

No.

Bulk porosity (%)

Mean pore radius (nm)

Mean surface pore size (nm)

Thickness (μm)

Contact angle (°)

M0

82.7 ± 2.1

30.67 ± 1.28

12.8 ± 2.4

124 ± 3.18

71.76 ± 2.4

M2

84.6 ± 1.6

32.39 ± 1.67

14.9 ± 2.6

115 ± 3.01

66.41 ± 2.1

M3

85.4 ± 3.0

33.44 ± 1.20

16.2 ± 4.3

117 ± 2.26

58.54 ± 3.2

M6

86.9 ± 4.1

35.87 ± 2.38

18.6 ± 2.6

119 ± 1.94

55.11 ± 1.8

M8

87.7 ± 2.6

38.92 ± 2.34

23.6 ± 3.2

121 ± 2.42

49.54 ± 2.2

M12

88.5 ± 3.4

37.57 ± 1.26

21.5 ± 1.2

122 ± 2.14

47.42 ± 1.9

  1. Several characterization tests presented include, respectively: top surface porosity, average porosity, and average pore size. The experimental error for every evaluation was <5%.
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