Table 1 A comparison of model performance using different techniques.

From: Enhancing the explanation of household water consumption through the water-energy nexus concept

  

Model (1) Inputs: HI & WU

Model (2) Inputs: HI & EU

Model (3) Inputs: HI & WU & EU

Model (4) Inputs: HI & EU & WU & EC

OLS

R2

0.25

0.26

0.29

0.32

 

RMSE

41.78

41.56

40.87

39.98

 

MAPE

0.33

0.32

0.32

0.31

RF

R2

0.36 (0.34)

0.46 (0.44)

0.47 (0.45)

0.52 (0.50)

 

RMSE

38.58 (39.00)

35.50 (35.99)

35.08 (35.47)

33.53 (33.97)

 

MAPE

0.31 (0.31)

0.29 (0.30)

0.29 (0.29)

0.27 (0.28)

XGBoost

R2

0.44 (0.41)

0.49 (0.46)

0.50 (0.46)

0.55 (0.52)

 

RMSE

36.02 (37.01)

34.44 (35.46)

33.90 (35.22)

32.48 (33.44)

 

MAPE

0.27 (0.28)

0.25 (0.26)

0.25 (0.26)

0.24 (0.25)

  1. Values in the cells indicates the optimized value of each indicator. Values in the brackets denotes the average value of each indicator over 500 repeated runs of the RF and XGBoost models. The coefficients and their statistical significance for the OLS technique are reported in Supplementary Table 4.
Back to article page