Fig. 1: Simulation results for the Hanoi network using the initial settings and various algorithms.
From: Optimization of valve switch control for contamination detection in water distribution network

Calculating the contamination impact and detection time for all nodes that may be contaminated under (a) the initial setup; (b) IPBGOA; (c) GOA; (d) GA; (e) DE; (f) GWO; and (g) PSO.