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Top views of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) before modification with inserts of: a AuNPs/TNTs/Ti (adapted from Si et al.50), b Cu2O/TNTs/Ti (adapted from C. Wang et al.52), c α-Bi2Mo3O12/TNTs/Ti (adapted from Pang et al.29) and d mBiVO4/FTO (cross-sectional inset; adapted from Alves et al.78).
