Table 3 Adsorption capacities and conditions for HMs and ODs: a comparative analysis of various adsorbents from the last decade

From: A comprehensive review of KCC-1 fibrous silica for water treatment

Adsorbent*

  

Adsorption conditions

  

Name

Type of adsorbent

Adsorbate

\({Q}_{\max .}\) (mgg–1)

pH

\(W\) (mg)

\(V\) (mL)

\(t\) (min)

\(T\) (K)

SS (rpm)

Year

Ref.

MI-FDU-12

OMSM

Cr(VI)

416.9

3.0

3

25

40

313

180

2024

5

BCFH-SBA-15

OMSM

Ni(II)

266.3

6.0

3

20

20

313

180

2024

71

PA-COF nanofibers

COF

MB

MO

1717

978.3

5-11

5

5

10

10

10

10

298

298

2024

98

Fe3O4@COF-MT@PPy

Fe3O4/COF/polymer NC

Cr(VI)

429.2

2.0

10

1,200

298

200

2024

99

CMK-3

sCMK-3

sCMK-5

OMC

MB

289.5

347.7

377.4

4-10

4-10

4-10

0.5 g L–1

0.5 g L–1

0.5 g L–1

5

5

5

RT

RT

RT

150

150

150

2023

100

Ca–Al LDH/Fe3O4

LDH

Cu(II)

Ni(II)

200.0

109.9

8.0

8.0

39

39

20

20

RT

RT

2023

101

LTH

LDH

Congo red

Brilliant green

54.5

192.3

6.0

8.0

30

10

20

20

20

60

298

298

2023

102

LDH/MOF NC1

LDH/MOF NC

Cd(II)

Pb(II)

415.3

301.4

5.0

5.0

20

20

20

20

120

120

298

298

200

200

2021

2021

22

LDH/MOF NC2

LDH/MOF NC

Tl(I)

711.8

7.0

2

30

30

313

200

2021

88

LDH/MOF NC3

LDH/MOF NC

Tl(I)

650.7

6.5–7.0

2

30

15

313

180

2021

87

LDH/MOF NC4

LDH/MOF NC

Hg(II)

Ni(II)

509.8

441.0

3.0

8.0

2

2

20

20

20

20

295

295

200

200

2021

26

LDH/MOF HNC5

LDH/MOF NC

Cr(VI)

Orange (II)

733

1173

7.0

7.0

4

4

50

50

20

15

293

293

200

200

2020

15

MI-PLMS

MWSHS

Cr(VI)

274

4.0

5

30

60

293

180

2021

103

MS-HMS-PL

MWSHS

Cr(VI)

257.7

4.0

5

20

90

293

190

2020

76

SH-SHQC

SWSHS

Rhodamine B

MB

147

119

6.0

7.0

15

15

40

40

20

30

298

298

200

200

2020

30

DAF-HSS

SWSHS

Neutral red

Crystal violet

222.2

185.2

6.0

9.0

10

10

20

20

60

80

298

298

220

220

2020

74

DA-FDU-12/PA6 NC

MC-FDU-12/PMMA

OMSM/polymer NC

Cd(II)

66.5

60.5

9.0

9.5

10

10

15

15

180

180

298

298

180

180

2020

104

TAS-HMSs

MWSHS

Pb(II)

Cu(II)

Dd(II)

Cr(III)

295.4

275.9

251.7

192.9

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5

5

5

5

15

15

15

15

120

120

120

120

298

298

298

298

180

180

180

180

2019

77

CTF-Ph-SBA-15

OMSM/COF NC

MB

569

7.0

2

13

30

293

250

2019

25

TMS-SMSs

OMSM

Tl(I)

452.8

6.0

5

20

60

298

200

2019

17

M-MCM-41/PVOH NC

OMSM/polymer NC

Cd(II)

46.7

6.0

10

20

240

RT

180

2018

85

m-MCM/PMMA

m-MCM/PVA

m-MCM/N6

m-MCM/PS

OMSM/polymer NC

Cr(VI)

20.0

18.5

17.9

15.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

3.0

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

140

180

180

200

298

298

298

298

180

180

180

180

2017

70

MBNCs (3%)

Nanomateril/polymer NC

Cu(II)

9.43

4.0

10

10

120

298

150

2016

83

KIT-6

m-KIT-6

PMMA/m-KIT-6 (2%)

OMSM

OMSM

OMSM/polymer NC

Cu(II)

76.9

102.0

24.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

10

10

10

10

10

10

15

30

90

RT

RT

RT

150

150

150

2016

73

  1. *MI-Cl-FDU-12 1-methyl-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl) imidazolium chloride-functionalized FDU-12, BCFH-SBA-15 biogenic cyclam-functionalized homologous SBA-15, Fe3O4@COF-MT@PPy Fe3O4/COF-MT/polypyrrole NC, LTH NiAlFe-layered triple hydroxide, LDH/MOF NC1 Ni50Co50-LDH-COOH/UiO-66(Zr)-(COOH)2 NC, LDH/MOF NC2 Ni50Co50-LDH-Cl/UiO-66-(NH2)2 NC, LDH/MOF NC3 Ni50Co50-LDH/UiO-66-NH2, LDH/MOF NC4 COOH/TA-Ni50Co50-LDH/UiO-66(Zr)-(COOH)2, LDH/MOF HNC5 Ni50–Co50 LDH/BMZIF20 hierarchical NC, MI-PLMS N-methylimidazolium-functionalized pollen-like mesoporous silica, MS-HMS-PL multi-shell hollow micro–meso–macroporous silica with pollen-like morphology, SH-SHQC mercapto-modified siliceous hollow quasi-capsules, DAF-HSS diamino-functionalized hollow siliceous spheres, DA-FDU-12/PA6 NC diamino-functionalized FDU-12/polyamide 6 nanocomposite, MC-FDU-12/PMMA methacrylate-functionalized FDU-12/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite, TAS-HMSs triamine-functionalized SiO2 hollow microspheres, CTF-Ph-SBA-15 covalent triazine-based framework-decorated phenyl-functionalized SBA-15, TMS-SMSs thiol-modified mesoporous silica submicrospheres, m-MCM amine-modified MCM-41, MBNCs mercapto-modified nano-boehmite/poly(methyl methacrylate) NC, PMMA/m-KIT-6 poly(methyl methacrylate)/mercapto-modified KIT-6.