Fig. 2: Potential microbial mechanisms underlying the attenuation of ARGs at field planting ponds.

a Bacterial composition of water and sediment samples at phylum level. b Relative abundance of MGEs in the water and sediment samples. c Procrustes analysis showing the correlation between ARG composition and bacterial community composition. d Pearson correlation in the relative abundance between ARGs and MGEs. e, f Variation partitioning analysis showing the contribution of bacterial community and MGEs to the changes of ARGs in the water and sediment samples. P0: Pond 0; P1: Pond 1; P2: Pond 2; P3: Pond 3; P4: Pond 4. Distinct lowercase letters denote significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).