Fig. 4: Elimination of antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB in wastewater treated by M. elatinoides. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 4: Elimination of antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB in wastewater treated by M. elatinoides.

From: Integrating livestock and aquatic plant towards mitigating antibiotic resistance transmission from swine wastewater

Fig. 4

a Design for the hydroponic experiment. b Residual concentrations of the typical antibiotics in the treated wastewater at 12 d. c The absolute abundance of 16S rRNA gene and typical ARGs in the treated wastewater at 12 d. d The growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the LB agar plate containing specific antibiotics in the treated wastewater at 12 d. e Amount of cultivatable ARB in the treated wastewater at 12 d. f Phylogenetic tree of 16S-rRNA gene showing the diversity of ARB in the treated wastewater at 12 d. CK: swine wastewater treament without M. elatinoides; T: swine wastewater treatment with M. elatinoides. SMX Sulfamethoxazole, SMD Sulfadimidine, TET Tetracycline, CHL Chloramphenicol, TYL Tylosin, CIP Ciprofloxacin, NOR Norfloxacin, SDZ Sulfadiazine, KAN Kanamycin, AMP Ampicillin. “*” and “**” denote significant differences between different treatments at different threshold of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Back to article page