Fig. 4 | npj Clean Water

Fig. 4

From: Development of an EOR-produced petroleum wastewater treatment system through integrated polyacrylonitrile membrane and ZrO2/sericin technologies: revelation of interactive mechanism based on synchrotron and XDLVO analyses

Fig. 4

Schematic showing properties and antifouling mechanism of the PAN and ZrSS membranes. The quantities of NaCl, Ba2+, and oil droplets represent their concentrations, with higher quantities indicating higher concentrations. The size of the arrows represents the strength of the interactions, with larger arrows indicating stronger interactions.

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