Fig. 5 | npj Clean Water

Fig. 5

From: Development of an EOR-produced petroleum wastewater treatment system through integrated polyacrylonitrile membrane and ZrO2/sericin technologies: revelation of interactive mechanism based on synchrotron and XDLVO analyses

Fig. 5

a Normalized water flux (J/J0) and b oil rejection of the 3ZrSS membrane for PW treatment under 16 groups of environmental conditions; main effects of four environmental factors (pH, salinity, heavy metal, and PAHs) on the normalized water flux (J/J0) (c) and oil rejection (d).

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