Fig. 6: Optimization of dye adsorption parameters: initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and time. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 6: Optimization of dye adsorption parameters: initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and time.

From: Analysis of microstructure properties of Ni-Fe MOFs and their influence on selective recognition of single and binary dye systems

Fig. 6

a–c Initial Dye Concentration Optimization: a Fe-MOFs for EY adsorption: Adsorption capacity increases with EY concentration (10–300 mg/L), reaching equilibrium at 150 mg/L. b Ni-MOFs for NR adsorption: Adsorption capacity rises sharply with NR concentration (10–3000 mg/L), saturating at 1200 mg/L. c Ni/Fe (1:1) MOFs for AF adsorption: Adsorption capacity increases with AF concentration (10–500 mg/L), achieving equilibrium at 200 mg/L. d–f Adsorbent Dosage Optimization: d Fe-MOFs: Removal efficiency increases with dosage (2–25 mg), stabilizing at 20 mg (90% removal). e Ni-MOFs: Optimal dosage for NR removal is 15 mg (>99% efficiency). f Ni/Fe (1:1) MOFs: Maximum AF removal (97%) observed at 20 mg dosage. g–i Adsorption Time Optimization: g Fe-MOFs: EY adsorption equilibrium achieved within 5 min (Qe = 54.92 mg/g). h Ni-MOFs: NR adsorption completes in 5 min (Qe = 636.31 mg/g). i Ni/Fe (1:1) MOFs: AF adsorption reaches equilibrium in 5 min (Qe = 79.30 mg/g).

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