Fig. 8: SHAP values for δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3− in various sensors based on MDN.

a δ15N-NO3− in ETM+. b δ18O-NO3− in ETM+. c δ15N-NO3− in MSI. d δ18O-NO3− in MSI. e δ15N-NO3− in UAV. f δ18O-NO3− in UAV. Where each dot corresponds to an individual sample in the study, the multiple point arrangements in the vertical direction of the same feature represent a large number of sample aggregations. The dispersion of the samples on each feature represents the magnitude of the feature influence, and the color of dots reveals the direction of the impact of each feature on the prediction values.