Correction to: npj Clean Water https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00453-7, published online 14 May 2025

“In this article, the Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 were wrongly numbered; Fig. 3 should have been Fig. 6, Fig. 4 should have been Fig. 3, Fig. 5 should have been Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 should have been Fig. 5 the captions remain unchanged. The original article has been corrected.”