Extended Data Fig. 1: The cumulative radial distribution (in AU) of the mass (in Earth masses, M_E) of accreted components to the Earth analogue planet.

The lines indicate the mass accreted up to a given heliocentric distance, while the colours represent the different Grand Tack N-body simulations (black = R18, red = R8, green = R7, blue = R2). The heliocentric distances (AU) up to which material is sourced for 10%, 50% and 90% of the planet growth are, respectively, R18–0.72, 1.18, 6.43; R8–0.76, 1.04, 7.13; R7–0.72, 1.04, 2.73; R2–0.77, 0.93, 1.93. The secondary y-axis shows the midplane temperature (T_midplane) in K calculated with Eq. 1 for three mass accretion rates, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 × 10⁻⁷ solar masses/yr depicted, respectively, as the upper brown envelope, dashed curve and lower brown envelope.