Fig. 1: Trends across the cloud decks for CO mole fractions \(\langle \overline{X_\mathrm{CO}} \rangle\) for different water enrichment levels \({E}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}}\).

a, Mean vertical CO mole fraction profiles shown as solid lines. The dotted lines signify the initial thermochemical equilibrium. The dashed dotted lines signify the final states. The grey region denotes the general extent of the water cloud decks, ranging from 4 to 10 bars. The overplotted triangle shows the ground-based observation of CO (ref. ⁵⁰) with associated uncertainties from recent literature⁷. The colour scheme is the same as that in b. b, Associated water particle density (solid lines for cloud and dotted lines for rain). c, Temporally and horizontally averaged \(\langle \overline{{X}_{{\rm{CO}}}}\rangle\) values (squares) at different pressure levels (P) for various \({E}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}}\) values with their 1σ error bounds (vertical lines). Pink squares correspond to abundances deeper than the CO quench level. Green squares correspond to a range from 60 to 80 bars. Grey squares correspond to the LCL abundances. d, Difference between mean diffusive domain abundance and mean LCL abundance with the 1σ standard deviations.