Fig. 4: Intensity radial profiles for three of the SPH simulations.
From: A young gas giant and hidden substructures in a protoplanetary disk

The simulation (sim) profiles are shown as solid lines at 1.3 mm (orange) and 3 mm (blue), after convolution with the beams of the ALMA observations. The observed (obs) profiles are also shown as dashed lines. The panels show a 5 MJup planet at 0.5 au (left), 1 au (middle) and 2 au (right). In the first case, the cavity opened by the planet is too small to be resolved in the observations. Planets with separations ≥2 au produce cavities that are too large to be compatible with the data.