Correction to: Nature Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02580-0, published online 20 June 2025.

This article was originally published under standard Springer Nature license (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited). It is now available as an open-access paper under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, © The Author(s). Additionally, the Acknowledgements section has been amended to note that open access funding was provided by the Key Program of National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant no. 12033001. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.