Fig. 1: Topographic and spectral characteristics of in situ detection by Chang’e-6.

a, Three-dimensional topographic view of regions where the LMS conducted spectral measurements. The base map is based on the topographic products of LCAM. Yellow shading represents areas with a relatively higher elevation. and blue shading represents lower regions. The red line marks the full view seen by LMS, and the red triangle is one location of LMS detection. The four-digit numbers correspond to various spectral acquisitions. b, Topographic profile along the sites where reflectance spectra were acquired by LMS, the distance and elevation data of which were extracted from the topographic data recorded by LCAM. The four-digit numbers also correspond to spectral acquisitions. c, All the acquired reflectance spectra before thermal correction. The dashed line marks an absorption near 2.85 μm. The red lines represent spectral group 1, which has a strong upwards tilt at long wavelengths. The blue lines represent spectral group 2, which has little or no prominent thermal contamination. d, Comparison of ~2.85 μm absorption depths of Chang’e-5 and Chang’e-6 spectra after removal of the continuum. Chang’e-5 spectra are shown in orange, and Chang’e-6 spectra are in blue. The dashed black line marks absorption near ~2.85 μm. CE5, Chang’e-5; CE6, Chang’e-6.