Extended Data Fig. 4: Additional patient images imaged with filters.

(Top) Complete optical filter set of patient in Fig. 3. Here a representative patient has multiple nodes in the subclavian vein, which cannot be completely separated with the installed short-pass and bandpass optical filters. The major lesions denoted as 1 and 3 can be seen in each filter but without the corresponding PET or CT the difference in CLI intensity does not meaningfully infer depth. (Middle) A patient with two thyroid nodules was imaged with each filter after receiving an adjuvant therapy dose of iodine-131, where the open and each filter image shows one main nodule towards the base of the neck. The upper thyroid nodule in the submandibular triangle is barely visible until the 600 nm bandpass filter, with little differentiation of CLI images with the 500 nm short-pass and band pass filters compared to the open filter image. (Bottom) In the ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE filter example a large multicomponent liver metastasis is seen in the planar image, yet a high degree of CLI intensity is seen on the patients’ clothing though centered over the liver. The brightest CLI spot in the open and 500 nm short-pass filter images are not avid areas in the planar scan, however the longer bandpass filters, and especially the 600 nm long pass filter best represent the planar scan. Together the filtering of light from CLI in patients is useful above 600 nm where shorter wavelength filtering is troubled by a lack of definition between filters as well as high tissue absorption and scattering of any emitted CL.