Extended Data Fig. 1: A proposed model for how PGNPs for oral delivery of antibiotics resolve antibiotic-associated dysbiosis.

The different segments of the intestine have quite distinct appearances. Distribution of gut microbiota is increasing along the length of the intestine while the expression of glucose transporter SGLT1 along small intestine is decreasing and no detection in large intestine. When oral free antibiotics to cure bacterial infection induced damages to the gut microbiota and related adverse effects in normal mice. But, when oral nanocarrier antibiotics alleviates disruptions to the gut microbiota and keep it homeostasis.