Extended Data Fig. 5: Assessing neuronal detection ability of SOMM across different cortical depths.

a. Each depth’s neuronal detection ability of SOMM versus the 2-photon (2p) ground truth is characterized. The 2p detection plane was shifted using an electrically tunable lens (ETL), while the SOMM detection plane remained stationary. For each depth, the 2p and SOMM frames are temporally interleaved, allowing the 2p signal to serve as the functional ground truth. Boundaries of neurons detected by 2p are delineated in blue, whereas the corresponding SOMM neurons are marked in red. These boundaries are superimposed on the standard deviation projection of the 2p recordings. 2p imaging power: 120 mW post the objective. 2p imaging field of view: 600 × 450 μm. b is the same as a but from the other animal. c. Neuron detection sensitivity scores achieved by SOMM as a function of depths. Mean ± SD of sensitivity scores are 0.75 ± 0.18, 0.68 ± 0.09, 0.60 ± 0.11, 0.53 ± 0.10, 0.43 ± 0.18 from 50 to 250 µm imaging depth at a step of 50 µm. Error bar: SD. n = 7 imaging sessions across 2 mice. d. Pie chart of the depth distribution of neurons detected by SOMM. n = 1479 neurons across imaging sessions from 2 mice. e. Histogram of the normalized standard deviation of neuronal activity for neurons that were detected by the SOMM (indicated in red), in contrast to those that were not detected by the SOMM (shown in blue). f. Histogram of the normalized peak intensity of neuronal activity for neurons that were detected by the SOMM (indicated in red), in contrast to those that were not detected by the SOMM (shown in blue). Scale bar: 100 µm in a, b.