Table 2 The change in parenchymal resistance resulting from large changes in EEG band power and heart rate occurring during REM sleep, NREM sleep, wake and at NREM–REM and sleep–wake transitions

Study condition	Fixed effects						Threshold model parameters
Study condition	Period	Predictors	Estimate	CI	P	d.f.	Positive threshold	Negative threshold	Slope ratio
Overnight sleep op	NREM	Δdelta	−0.28	(−0.50, −0.058)	0.014	1,380	1.5	−1.5	0.7
		Δtheta	−0.08	(−0.23, 0.063)	0.265	1,380	1.5	−0.98	0.5
		Δalpha	−0.14	(−0.30, 0.022)	0.091	1,380	1.5	−1.25	0.65
		Δbeta	0.04	(0.0022, 0.080)	0.039	1,380	0.18	−1.5	2
		ΔHR	0.10	(−0.0033, 0.19)	0.059	1,115	0.43	−0.43	0.5
	REM	Δdelta	−0.57	(−0.77, −0.37)	<0.001	319	1.5	−1.5	2
		Δtheta	−0.41	(−0.70, −0.13)	0.005	319	0	−1.5	0.5
		Δalpha	−0.09	(−0.21, 0.041)	0.189	319	1.45	0	2
		Δbeta	0.45	(0.14, 0.77)	0.006	319	1.5	−1.3	0.5
		ΔHR	0.31	(−0.057, 0.68)	0.101	271	1.5	−1.15	0.5
	NREM to REM	Δdelta	−0.29	(−0.82, 0.24)	0.293	67	1.5	−1.05	2
	NREM to REM	Δbeta	0.77	(0.04, 1.49)	0.046	67	0.6	−1.5	0.5
	REM to NREM	Δdelta	−1.50	(−2.35, −0.66)	0.001	58	1	−1.5	0.5
	REM to NREM	Δbeta	−0.05	(−0.24, 0.14)	0.615	58	0.1	−1.5	1.85
	Sleep to wake	Δdelta	0.03	(−0.34, 0.4)	0.885	66	1.5	−0.3	1.95
	Sleep to wake	Δbeta	0.73	(0.13, 1.32)	0.021	66	0.35	−1.23	0.5
	Wake to sleep	Δdelta	−0.20	(−0.64, 0.25)	0.392	113	0.05	−1.35	0.6
	Wake to sleep	Δbeta	0.37	(−0.01, 0.76)	0.065	113	1.5	−1.05	2
Overnight sleep deprivation	Wake	Δdelta	−0.06	(−0.15, 0.034)	0.216	1,137	1.5	0	0.5
		Δtheta	−0.07	(−0.17, 0.035)	0.198	1,137	1.4	−1.45	2
		Δalpha	0.06	(−0.030, 0.14)	0.206	1,137	1.15	0	0.73
		Δbeta	0.12	(0.0075, 0.23)	0.037	1,137	1.5	−1.43	1.93
		ΔHR	−0.10	(−0.20, −0.011)	0.029	1,002	0.25	−0.25	0.5

EEG band power predictor units in percent of total band power; HR predictor units in beats per minute. Wald t-test two-sided P values are reported for predictor estimates without correction for multiple comparisons. Predictor and parenchymal resistance values in regression models were scaled to zero mean and unit standard deviation with coefficient estimates representing effect size in standard deviations. Positive and negative thresholds are in units of predictor standard deviation. Models included confounding biological variables age, gender and APOE ε4 status.

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