Extended Data Fig. 2: Ligamentum flavum (LF) measurement on MRI.

On a patient’s T2 weighted spine MRI, the desired vertebral level was identified on the sagittal scan (A) and used to identify the ligamentum flavum at the desired level on the axial scan (B). The axial slice of the MRI with the thickest section of the ligamentum flavum was identified. Using Visage, the ligamentum flavum was circled (B, yellow outline), the area was calculated and recorded, and a screenshot was saved for future reference.