Fig. 7: Nanobody–STING agonist conjugates stimulate antitumour immunity in B16.F10 melanoma tumour model.

a, Schematic of B16.F10 tumour inoculation and treatment schedule; nanobody–diABZI conjugates and PBS (vehicle) were administered intravenously, and ICB (anti-PD-L1 IgG) was injected intraperitoneally. b–d, Tumour growth curves (b), spider plots of individual tumour growth curves (c) and Kaplan–Meier survival plots (d) (n = 15 for PBS; n = 10 for all other groups). In b, P values determined by two-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons for all groups compared to PBS on day 18. In d, end-point criteria of 1,500 mm³ tumour volume with P values determined by log-rank test compared to PBS control or between nAlb–diABZI and AP–diABZI as indicated. e, Schematic of B16.F10-OVA tumour inoculation, treatment schedule and study end point for flow cytometry analysis (n = 12). f, Tumour weight on day 15 for mice with B16.F10-OVA tumours treated with AP–diABZI or PBS. g, Frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen at study end point. h–k, Flow cytometric analysis of the frequency of CD69⁺ CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells (h), CD44⁺CD62L⁻ effector memory T cells (i), CD44⁻CD62L⁺ naive T cells (j) and CD44⁺CD62L⁺ central memory T cells (k). l, Representative flow cytometry dot plots (left) and analysis of the frequency of SIINFEKL/H-2Kb tetramer⁺ ((PE) (MFI)) CD8⁺ T cells ((FITC) (MFI)) (right) in the spleen at study end point. m, Representative flow cytometry dot plots showing the distribution of CD8⁺ T_EM (CD44⁺CD62L⁻) and T_CM (CD44 + CD62L⁺) (CD44: (PE/Cy5) (MFI); CD62L: (BV711) (MFI)) within the OVA-specific (tetramer⁺) and non-OVA-specific (tetramer⁻) populations. P values determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Replicates are biological, and data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. Panels a and e created with BioRender.com.