Fig. 4: The third population mode links higher-order networks to environment measures.
a, Different deletion and duplication shifts. Average brain and behaviour scores for CNV carriers (deletions in pink, duplications in blue) are plotted for the third canonical mode. Significant differences from control participants are represented by filled points. b, Higher-order networks play a prominent role in the third canonical mode. Loadings are visualized on the cortical surface (bottom), with red indicating positive and blue indicating negative contributions. The bar plot (right) displays the 20 regions with the strongest loadings, with 95% confidence intervals estimated from 1,000 bootstrap resamplings. The radial plot (top left) summarizes average absolute brain loadings across seven canonical functional networks, highlighting strongest contributions from the default mode network. c, Environmental variables characterize behaviour loadings. Behaviour loadings are grouped by category (left) and summarized by average absolute loading per domain in a circular bar chart (right). Measures of neighbourhood (neigh.) violence, safety and crime are among the strongest loadings. These environment-associated phenotypes come primarily from the socioeconomic category. The third significant mode illustrates how deletions shift the expression of the mode linking the environment and higher-order networks. Sum., summary.
