Fig. 5: Spatial distribution of oligomers with respect to different brain cell types.

a, An illustration showing example spot patterns with random, clustered and dispersed underlying spatial distributions. b, The equation used here for likelihood calculation. c, An example likelihood plot showing likelihood as a function of radius for random, clustered and dispersed spatial distributions. d, An example of an analysed FOV with an antibody stain for p-syn. e, The same analysed FOV with detected oligomers in blue and red, with red serving to highlight the disease-specific oligomers. f, A plot showing the likelihood of oligomer–oligomer distances, with 95% confidence interval presented as the shaded region, shows that all oligomers tend to spatially cluster, and that disease-specific oligomers have a higher clustering tendency. g–r, Example FOVs stained with antibodies for neurofilaments, P2RY12, GFAP and Olig2 (g, j, m and p), the same images with labelled cells shown in green and disease-specific oligomers highlighted in red (h, k, n and p) and a plot showing the likelihood of oligomer–cell distances, with the 95% confidence interval presented as the shaded region, which shows that disease-specific oligomers tend to cluster in or around neurons, microglia and astrocytes, while being dispersed from oligodendrocyte nuclei (i, l, o and r).