Fig. 2: Cav1 increases cellular deformability.
From: Caveolin-1 dolines form a distinct and rapid caveolae-independent mechanoadaptation system
a, Phase contrast micrograph of the trapping region of the Optical Stretcher device. The position of the opposing optical fibres facing a hollow glass capillary where cells are trapped is indicated. Underneath, a cell deformation example, showing phase contrast images before and during stretching. b, Deformation curves (strain in percentage versus time in seconds) across genotypes. The number of cells analysed per genotype is indicated. c, AFM experiment scheme, indicating the fibroblast, the laser beam (red), the detector (blue) and the AFM cantilever. d, Young’s modulus measured with AFM of the different MEF genotypes, at mid-distance between nucleus and cell edge. n = 15 cells each from three independent AFM measurements. Statistical comparisons were by one-way ANOVA (Holm–Sidak pairwise multiple comparison analysis, *P = 0.0216 and **P = 0.0066). (NS, non-significant, P = 0.367). e, Representation of the two magnetic beads coatings used: FN and ConA. f, Reinforcement experiment scheme, indicating the fibroblast, the magnetic bead and the magnetic tweezers apparatus. The red arrow represents the magnetic force exerted on the bead by the magnet. g, DIC image showing an MEF, the tip of the magnetic tweezers and magnetic beads (white arrows). h,i, Mean stiffness (reinforcement) of beads as a function of time normalized by initial stiffness of the different MEF genotypes for FN-coated beads (h) or ConA-coated beads (i). A value of 1 indicates no change in stiffness with respect to initial value; greater values show stiffening. n = 20 beads per genotype pooled from four independent experiments. Two-tailed Student’s t-test (P = 0.0459; NS, non-significant). j,k, Relative adhesion of the indicated genotypes (expressed as optical density, OD, at 595 nm) to plates coated with 5 µg ml−1 FN (j) or 5 µg ml−1 ConA (k). n = 11 adhesion independent experiments for PTRFKO and PTRFKO + Cav1, n = 9 adhesion independent experiments for PTRFKO + PTRF. Statistical analyses were by one-way ANOVA. NS, non-significant. For b, d and h–k, data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source numerical data are available in source data.
