Fig. 6: Dolines and caveolae respond differently to membrane tension.
From: Caveolin-1 dolines form a distinct and rapid caveolae-independent mechanoadaptation system
a, Formation and tension-induced disassembly of protein-rich curved domains according to theoretical model; protein distribution: colour map depicting protein area fraction. Spontaneous curvature is smaller in Cav1 as compared with PTRF model, leading to shallow caps and full buds respectively when tension is low (a1 and b1). The Cav1 model exhibits gradual and reversible disassembly whereas for the PTRF model it is sudden and hysteretic. b, Theoretical model to understand the behaviour of an ensemble of such domains (Methods). c, Predictions of this model for the projected diameter of each domain, density of domains and projected areal strain of the membrane as a function of applied tension for three different average protein area fractions. Rightmost panels show representative states as tension varies for each model. d, Percentage of dead cells upon increasing medium dilution and hypo-osmotic shock (1 min fragility assay in adhesion) across indicated genotypes. Plots: mean ± s.e.m. n = 20 independent assays. Statistics: one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test (P = 0.0484 at 1/4 dilution and P = 0.0324at 1/20 dilution). e, YAP activation as inferred from nuclear-to-perinuclear intensity ratio normalized to that averaged by untreated cells. Response to treatments is represented as deviation from 1 for each indicated treatment across genotypes, using nine independent wells per condition. Representative images for YAP immunostaining are shown on the right for indicated treatments and genotypes (for more details, see ‘Statistics and reproducibility’). Boxes span Q1 to Q3 quartiles, with whiskers indicating lowest/greatest observed data point within 1.5× IQR below/above Q1/Q3. Middle line represents median, asterisks denote average value. f, Percentage of dead SH-Sy5y differentiated neurons under normal medium (hypo-osmotic 0), 1/4 or 1/20 dilution hypo-osmotic shock (1 min fragility assay in adhesion; for details, see Methods) comparing control with Cav1KD cells. Plots: mean ± s.e.m. n = 6 independent assays for 1/4 and 1/20 hypo-osmotic dilution, and n = 4 independent assays for hypo-osmotic 0. Statistics: two-tailed Student’s t-test (P = 0.0496). Source numerical data are available in source data. Dataset from YAP experiments and script for YAP analysis are available at Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7061911 and DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7061924, respectively).
