Extended Data Fig. 9: EV binding of LPS is not mediated by EV surface proteins.

a,b, Immunoblotting (a) and negative staining TEM (b) of unshaved EVs and EVs subjected to surface protein shaving with trypsin (shaved EVs). c,d, Unshaved and shaved EVs incubated with FITC-LPS at 37 °C for 45 min were subjected to NTA (c), and the HEK-Blue TLR4 reporter cell assay (d). e,f, Percentage of FITC-LPS+ve EVs (e) and FITC MFI (f) of EVs isolated from FITC-LPS-injected mice and subjected or not to surface-protein shaving. Combined data from three (c,d) or four (e,f) experiments or one experiment representative of two (a,b) are shown, and horizontal lines represent mean (c–f). P values were determined by unpaired two-tailed t-test.