Fig. 2: Valine tRNAs are upregulated in resistant melanoma.
From: Valine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase promotes therapy resistance in melanoma
a, A histogram showing all tRNA alloisoacceptors in M395 SENS and RES cultures (sum ± s.e.m. of n = 3 independent replicates, and a two-tailed unpaired t-test was performed); red represents the significantly upregulated tRNAs in RES and green represents the significantly downregulated tRNAs in RES. b, Correlation between significant changes in amino acids from the amino acid content analysis (chi-squared test) and the tRNA alloisoacceptors (two-tailed unpaired t-test; no adjustment was used for these comparisons). The red represents the enriched amino acids and increase in the corresponding tRNAs, and the green represents impoverished amino acids and corresponding tRNAs. c, A heat map representing the z scores of significantly modified tRNA isoacceptors (by tRNA sequencing) in M395 SENS and RES cultures (n = 3). The red represents tRNA-Val-CAC as one of the upregulated tRNAs isoacceptors in RES and the green represents tRNA-Cys-GCA as one of the downregulated tRNAs isoacceptors in RES. d, Correlation between significant changes in codons from the CCA (chi-squared test) and the upregulated tRNA isoacceptors (two-tailed unpaired t-test; no adjustment was used for these comparisons). The red represents enriched codons and increase in the corresponding isoacceptors tRNAs and the blue represents the impoverished codons and corresponding isoacceptors tRNAs. e, Relative expression (FC) of the indicated tRNAs assessed by RT–qPCR analysis (after tRNA demodification) in various SENS and RES cell cultures (n = 2). Red, increased expression; green, decreased expression. f, Northern blot representing tRNA-Val-CAC in SENS and RES MM029 melanoma cultures. A 5S rRNA is shown for normalization purpose.
